Arch. Myriam B. Mahiques Curriculum Vitae

Friday, November 20, 2009

Fractals From Newton Method


Generalized Newton, by Myriam Mahiques
Newton's method, also called the Newton-Raphson or Newton iteration method, is a root finding algorithm of a real function. It can be used to find the minimum and maximum of a function.

Isaac Newton discovered what we now call Newton's method around 1670. Although Newton's method is an old application of calculus, it was discovered relatively recently that extending it to the complex plane the result is a boundary set, a very interesting fractal pattern.
My interest in this type of fractal is its analogy with urban morphogenesis with a center and radial avenues. It can be applied to urban morphology simulation exercises.
All images generated by Myriam Mahiques.






REFERENCES
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/newton/

http://facstaff.unca.edu/mcmcclur/mathematicaGraphics/Newton/index.html

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

Cálculo de la Dimensión Fractal


Membrane 2, by Myriam B. Mahiques
Teóricamente, las formas que tienen la misma rugosidad, debieran tener un comportamiento similar. Y si podemos visualizar la forma, podemos comprender el sistema.

La geometría fractal cuantifica la rugosidad de los objetos mediante un índice llamado “dimensión fractal”. Normalmente consideramos que los puntos tienen dimensión 0, las líneas 1, las superficies 2 y los volúmenes 3. Es lo que llamamos “dimensión topológica”.
Sin embargo, una curva rugosa, que recorre una superficie puede ser tan rugosa que casi llene la superficie en la que se encuentra. El follaje de un árbol o el interior de un pulmón pueden ser entonces tridimensionales. Podemos así pensar que la rugosidad es un incremento de la dimensión: una curva rugosa tiene una dimensión entre 1 y 2 y una superficie rugosa entre 2 y 3.
Líneas y planos son autosimilares y pueden cortarse –por ejemplo- en 4 segmentos de intervalos autosimilares, cada uno de la misma longitud, y cada uno de los cuales puede ser magnificado por un valor 4 del segmento original. Pero también podemos cortarlos en N partes autosimilares, cada uno con un factor de magnificación N.
Tomemos un cuadrado. Lo descomponemos en 4 sub cuadrados autosimilares y el factor de magnificación es 2. Si lo cortamos en 9 piezas, el factor de magnificación será 3, y si se corta en 25, el factor de magnificación será 5.

Estos esquemas han sido bajados de Internet.

Esta es una forma alternativa de especificar la dimensión de un objeto autosimilar. La dimensión es el exponente del número de piezas autosimilares con un factor de magnificación N, en el que la figura puede ser partida. O sea,

D= log (número de piezas autosimilares)/ Log (factor de magnificación)
D= log N2 /Log N
D= 2 Log N/Log N=2
La fórmula matemática más común es la que corresponde a Hausdorff-Besicovitch:


donde N es el número de partes idénticas en que se ha dividido el objeto auto-semejante y r es la relación de las partes con el todo.
Similarmente, la dimensión de un cubo es:
D= log N3 /Log N
D= 3 Log N/Log N=3
Hay varios métodos manuales para el cálculo de la dimensión fractal; si el fractal es muy complejo, se utilizan computadoras.
Un dibujo, un esquema, un plano, una fotografía pueden ser útiles. Y ayudarán a desarrollar nuestra intuición en búsqueda de pruebas.

Comparativamente, si un fractal se mide en un número de iteraciones, para una estructura empírica tomaremos progresivas variaciones de medida (con la aplicación de un factor de escala). Un fractal determinista, en cualquier escala de observación, dará el mismo valor de Dimensión Fractal, o sea, es perfectamente autosimilar. Pero, una morfología urbana no es un fractal determinista; con lo que la comprobación de autosimilitud no registrará valores de D idénticos, pero podemos inferir, al encontrar valores similares, que “la forma muestra propiedades análogas a la autosimilitud fractal”.

Beginning the fractal analysis of simulation of Urban Fabric Regeneration

These graphics are analysis of fractal dimension, surface plots and plots of the images I simulated for Nagasaki. My objective -today- is to find out if I can get closer to the original fractal dimension of Nagasaki, before the Atomic bomb's impact. Then, I'll see if a similar fractal Dimension is representative of the original characteristics of the urban pattern.

This is Nagasaki before the bomb. Fractal Dimension D is in the rank of 1.80


After the bomb, the fractal dimension D is approximately 1.55. From now on, we'll see how we approach to the original fractal dimension. Surface plots will be showing the rugosity of the urban fabric. The land will be filled slowly following the main ruins concentration.





The problem I find here, is that I can get very close to the first fractal dimension  value, but the urban fabric, as shown on the left side plot, still does not have the complexity shown on the first image before the bomb. This one appears softer. It means, probably lacunarities are Ok, but the urban morphological pattern is still not representing the inhabitants' main urban structures. Fractal Dimension, is not enough for this exercise, and more adjustments of the urban fabric will be needed.
To be continued.....

Monday, November 16, 2009

Simulation for the regeneration of urban fabric of Nagasaki

Nagasaki ruins. http://invitadodeinvierno.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/nagasaki.jpg

This post is the very beginning of my paper 

Nagasaki along the years: An urban fractal analysis

REFERENCE:

Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Application
2011, Vol 1, No 5
ISSN: 2178-2423

You can read it also in the blog where I'm compiling my publications 
(still working on this blog)

Catastrophe theory, was originated with the work of the French mathematician René Thom in the 1960s, as a branch of bifurcation theory in the study of dynamical systems. Bifurcation theory studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances, analysing how the qualitative nature of equation solutions depends on the parameters that appear in the equation. (Wikipedia.org). Resuming, it means the loss of a stability in a dynamic system. As I've stated before, cities are dynamic systems and the loss of stability is  reflected in the geometry of their urban patterns.
I have made these simulations in order to prove that it is possible to regenerate the old urban fabric from total destruction. The pattern will not be exactly as the original one, and of course this is not the intention. My objective is to find a pattern that shows the same basic fractal (?)pattern before the destruction, to maintain the inhabitants' cultural manifestations. My goal is to find a methodology of reconstruction that could be applied after different catastrophes as volcanoes eruptions, landslides, floods, earthquakes, wars. Maybe it is implicit that I do not support the reconstruction by catalogue, as done with Berlin. Though, it was an ideal solution for long years ago. Now, the technology allows us new ways of understanding the city as an organism, and as such entity, it can reconstruct itself.


This is a binary file of Nagasaki, before the atomic bomb destruction. There is no urban quadrille, its urban morphology looks like a fractal pattern. The background jpg image had to be converted into a binary file to work with different tools.

This is a binary file of what was left after the bomb. Notice that no urban pattern is seen. Just a few ruins surrounded by emptiness. These ruins will be the seed for urban regeneration.


My first simulation indicates a new urban growth beginning in the areas of more -former- densification. The pattern is dispersed as the original one. The white empty areas will be growing more slowly.


I have generated this one from a process of erotion-dilation, alternating the tools. I did not want more agglomerations, the original urban fabric was not so compact, but, it was many years ago, and now I need to consider a certain urban sprawl to be closer to reality.


I have more density now, and the process continues. I've emptied some small areas to include new plazas-open spaces. It is important to clarify that no center was considered, it is only a natural regeneration of the old urban fabric. The impact of a a new commercial center, for example, would change this morphogenesis. Please disregard the circle, it is part of the aerial picture I've been working with and does not belong to the simulation.

Sunday, November 15, 2009

Breves Conceptos Sobre Arquitectura y Cultura


La arquitectura existe en la relación entre la construcción, el pensamiento, y el habitar. Por ende, se produce un diálogo entre la cultura y el edificio.
¨Por definición es arquitectura todo lo que concierne a la construcción y es con las técnicas de la construcción que se instituye y organiza en su ser y en su devenir, esa entidad social y política que es la ciudad. La arquitectura no sólo le da cuerpo y estructura sino que la vuelve significante con el simbolismo implícito en sus formas; así como la pintura es figurativa, la arquitectura es representativa por excelencia. En la ciudad todos los edificios, sin excluir a ninguno, son representativos y con frecuencia representan las malformaciones, las contradicciones, las vergüenzas de la comunidad¨. (Giulio C. Argan, 1980)
Los asentamientos y lugares se definen culturalmente, los grupos de usuarios son parte de una función de la cultura; el cómo del comportamiento y las estructuras sociales es altamente variable y puede ser visto como una expresión de la cultura. Nadie puede “ver” la cultura, sólo sus efectos, significados, expresiones, o productos: “Si los términos teóricos son sólo modos abreviados de aludir a hechos observables, entonces ellos podrían ser eliminados del lenguaje de la ciencia sin pérdida alguna. Pero no es así. Los términos teóricos tienen un contenido inobservable, y sin embargo, no por eso carente de sentido”. (J. Samaja, 1993)

A la tendencia generalizada de realizar inferencias de una entidad inobservable que nace en la mente (la cultura) a través de la pregunta ¿Qué hacen ellos?, el arquitecto antropólogo Amos Rapoport ha agregado la pregunta ¿Qué son ellos? y consecuentemente, ¿Cómo hacen ellos?
En este sentido amplio, la cultura:
Permite mantener la identidad de los grupos.
Actúa como mecanismo de control , llevando información al comportamiento y a los artefactos que serán creados.
Metafóricamente es el ADN, un diseño para lo viviente.
Actúa como estructura que da significado a lo particular.
Queda asumido entonces, que la cultura y el ambiente diseñado son unidades no equivalentes en escala, y la cultura es un vasto dominio donde la forma construída es una pequeña parte de ella y se subsume a ella.
Como no es posible relacionar cultura y ambiente en este nivel de generalidad y abstracción, tampoco es posible restringir los conceptos y considerar la posibilidad de “diseñar edificios para una cultura particular”. Esta transición Rapoport la encuentra en el término “lifestyle” (estilo de vida), como el resultado de elecciones acerca de cómo distribuir los recursos.
El estilo de vida implica los sistemas de actividades que realizan los grupos, que a su vez tendrán sus criterios según su edad, sexo, raza, religión, profesión, ideología, historia, influenciados por la información y el marketing.
El concepto de sistemas de actividades es por lo tanto más concreto y los diseñadores-investigadores estamos familiarizados con él y se puede utilizar en los análisis urbanos, siempre recordando los niveles por los que pasamos hasta llegar a él.
Se trata finalmente, de dar una clara idea de la relación entre los edificios y el hombre, como oposición a las posturas donde se define al objeto arquitectónico como producto del arquitecto poseedor de un rol autocrático, erigiéndose en genio creador. En el campo del Diseño, en su aspecto artístico, es imposible evitar el subjetivismo y una cierta cuota de narcisismo. Ernesto Sábato, a propósito del arte, en su libro “Abaddon el Exterminador”, escribe lo siguiente: “Objetivismo en el arte! Si la ciencia puede y debe prescindir del yo, el arte no puede hacerlo, y es inútil que se lo proponga como un deber. Esa “impotencia” es precisamente su virtud...... Esas misteriosas grutas que habitan las criaturas de Leonardo, esas azulinas y enigmáticas dolomitas que entrevemos, como en un fondo submarino, detrás de sus ambiguos rostros, qué son sino la expresión del espíritu de Leonardo?”. (E. Sabato, 1974)


Una visión más global es la que desarrolla Amos Rapoport, en su libro “House, Form and Culture”, ya que interpreta a la arquitectura desde la antropología y la etnografía, de manera constructiva, a partir de la forma y concepciones de espacio activo e inactivo, en paralelo con la evolución humana y cultural. La investigación se sigue desarrollando mediante una red mundial multidisciplinaria.
Rapoport encuentra tres componentes en los estudios de comportamiento ambientales:
Asentamientos y lugares (concreción de la cultura)
Grupos de usuarios (función de la cultura)
Fenómenos de comportamiento social (expresión de la cultura)
....¨la idea que tenemos de la ciudad y que no se ha modificado por el momento, es la de un acumulo cultural que da al núcleo la capacidad de organizar una zona más o menos extensa de territorio. Sin estos puntos de concentración e irradiación cultural no es concebible, en la actualidad, ninguna forma de organización del ambiente¨. (G. C. Argan, 1980)

LECTURAS PROPUESTAS
Giulio Carlo Argan. Arquitectura y Cultura. 1980
Safe Creative #0911164887676

Saturday, November 14, 2009

Architecture, Urbanism and ¨Cosmovision¨


It was Geoffrey Chew who introduced the term Bootstrap in 1968; from a philosophical perspective, Geoffrey's vision included a strong relational cosmology which included consciousness as a fundamental part of the universal bootstrap. Fritjof Capra's The Tao of Physics (1975) made liberal use of this idea to support a Zen based model of physics. In his book, Capra makes a particular contribution on the parallelism between Physics and mysticism, bringing the science to a more popular approach; what has become the belief of the New Age movement. Capra’s claim is that Oriental misticism provides a consistent and relevant philosophical background to the theories of contemporary science, though the parallels strictly apply to the verbal formulations. In this theory, it is implicit the criticism of current non-holistic (reduccionist) assumptions about the nature of reality. (W. Hanegraaff) What is important, indeed, is that higher understanding can be built on deeper roots with a holistic framework; a possibility that cannot be considered in Western scientific paradigm because its presuppositions are directly refuted by the evidence of advanced physics (W. Hanegraaff). Resuming, Oriental philosophical points of view make sense of science, but do not explain it. Professor Geoffrey Chew’s theory of Bootstrap, states that there are no fundamental entities (laws, particles, fields, principles, equations) in nature, which in turn cannot be reduced to its fundamental entities, it can only be fully understood through the autoconsistency of its elements: there is no entity of main law, since the Universe is seen as a dynamical web of interrelated events. The global consistency of its interrelations determines a spontaneous process of self-organizing emergence that conforms the total structure of the web. Capra considers bootstrap as the culmination of his hyphotesis, and he finds the metaphor in the Avatamsaka Sutra idea of penetration, expressed in the 2500 years old metaphor of the Hindu god Indra’s net: his heaven is portrayed as a network of jewels arranged in such a way that looking at any of them you can see all the others reflected in it. (Sal P. Restivo)


Indra’s net artistic interpretation.

“Since motion and change are essential properties of things, the forces causing the motion are not outside the objects, as in the classical Greek view, but are an intrinsic property of matter. Correspondingly, the Eastern image of the Divine is not that of a ruler who directs the world from above, but of a principle that controls everything from within:
He who, dwelling in all things,
Yet is other than all things,
Whom all things do not know,
Whose body all things are,
Who controls all things from within-
He is your Soul, the Inner Controller,
The Immortal.”
(excerpt from the Tao of Physics)
These concepts are tied to Eastern thought, in clear opposition to the Western thought. Philosophies such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Zen, practiced by Chew and other physicists and Western thinkers have contributed to other scientists perceive the physical world differently with a new view of reality based on the territory in harmony with spiritual traditions. Traditional Western science, working with questions formulated with total clarity and experimentally verified, did not accept the ambiguity of Chew’s theory and hence did not assigned to the Bootstrap approach the character of science.
My reference to this theory is to emphasize the contribution of Eastern thought on the idea of a new paradigm closest to reality, where knowledge is a network without a solid foundation, where the man lives in connection with mysticism and religious beliefs that are often manifested in humble offerings to beings “from beyond”.
In urban morphology, for example, the anthropological studies of the 70’s, focused in the theory of “Central Place¨ postulated by the German geographer Walter Christaller, have been replaced by current theories competing for an explanation of fractal morphologies related to more domestic shapes of smaller scales, especially in workers’ homes of Mesoamerican cities. Current trends have been to link all the cities, or parts of them, with the elements of a “cosmovision”, cosmology or cosmogony, documented through ethnohistoric writings and images.

A local “Radha” throws flower petals during celebrations ofHoli in Khatraj, India. Photo: Ajit Solanki

Nowadays, it is imperative to have additional research to help clarify the morphologies of the cities inhabited by indigenous people or their descendants, and their relationship with the physical environment and the objects of their daily veneration, including the creation myths. We cannot complete our knowledge of the social practices and the consequent architectural-urban morphologies utilizing only mathematical models borrowed from the Physics, without taking into account the representational spaces derived from the history and spirituality, led by the gestures and actions of those who inhabit it. These representational spaces can be analyzed from mathematical models in combination with other disciplines such as history, sociology, anthropology, among others.

“In the Penal Colony” by Oscar Grillo. 2007

In a way, this application of cultural-historical concepts in architectural and urban theories takes us back to Kafka’s story, ¨In the penal colony”, where the meaning of the sentence was not understood by the prisoner until the words literally penetrated his skin with needles, and were slowly clarified in his mind. An outsider to the process, could not read the words embellished with several mannerisms, therefore, was not part of the prisoner’s knowledge of the sentence, as we are not part of the knowledge and inner meanings of others’ imaginary. But we can try to be.

REFERENCES
Hanegraaff, Wouter J. New Age Religion and Western Culture. Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. E. J. Brills, The Netherlands. 1996
Capra, Fritjof. The Tao of Physics. 1975
Restivo, Sal P. The social relations of physics, mysticism and mathematics. D. Reidel Publishing Co. Holland, 1985

Thursday, November 12, 2009

Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Cosmovisión


Ex voto or retablo. El agradecimiento de un señor a la Virgen de Guadalupe que recupera el habla al ver ¨una nave con un ser extraterrestre que salía de ella¨. Una humilde expresión artística de un suceso en la vida del señor Gutiérrez. Imagen bajada de Internet.
La relación entre urbanismo, arquitectura, objetos y el misticismo, nos remite indirectamente a la teoría o más bien posición filosófica de Geoffrey Chew acerca del ¨bootstrap¨ donde la naturaleza no puede ser reducida a entidades fundamentales, sino que se entiende plenamente a través de la autoconsistencia de sus elementos: no hay una entidad o ley fundamental, sino que el universo se ve como una red dinámica de sucesos interrelacionados, la consistencia global de sus interrelaciones determina la estructura total de la red. Estos conceptos están emparentados con el pensamiento oriental, en franca oposición al occidental. Las filosofías orientales como el Hinduísmo, Budismo, Taoísmo, Zen, practicadas por el propio Chew y otros físicos y pensadores occidentales, contribuyeron a que estos científicos percibieran el mundo físico de otra manera y tuvieran una nueva visión de la realidad arraigada en el territorio y en total armonía con las tradiciones espirituales. La ciencia occidental tradicional, fundada en preguntas formuladas con toda claridad y verificadas experimentalmente, no aceptó la ambigüedad de la teoría de Chew y no le asignó, por ende, el carácter de ciencia al enfoque ¨boostrap¨. Sin embargo, mi mención al respecto, es para enfatizar la contribución del pensamiento oriental en la idea de un nuevo paradigma, donde el conocimiento es una red sin cimientos firmes, más aproximado a la realidad, donde el hombre vive en relación con el misticismo y sus creencias religiosas que suelen manifestarse en humildes ofrendas a seres del más allá. En morfología urbana, por ejemplo, los estudios antropológicos de los 70´s, enfocados hacia la teoría del ¨Lugar Central¨, postulada por el geógrafo alemán Walter Christaller, ya han sido reemplazados por las teorías actuales que pugnan por una explicación de morfologías fractales que abarcan incluso formas domésticas de menor escala, especialmente en los asentamientos de viviendas de los súbditos en las ciudades mesoamericanas. Las tendencias actuales han sido las de enlazar el conjunto de las ciudades, o sus partes constitutivas, con los elementos de una ¨cosmovisión¨, cosmología o cosmogonía, documentada a través de escritos e imágenes etnohistóricos. Al día de hoy resulta imprescindible contar con investigaciones adicionales que contribuyan a esclarecer las morfologías de las ciudades habitadas por indígenas o sus descendientes, así como sus relaciones con el entorno físico, -desde el medioambiente construído a los objetos de su veneración y uso diario- incluyendo los mitos de creación.


Retablo de 2008. Una mujer en una ceremonia fúnebre y la aparición de la Virgen y aparentemente el difunto. Imagen bajada de Internet.
No podemos completar nuestro conocimiento de las prácticas sociales y la consecuente morfología urbana sólo desde modelos matemáticos prestados de la física, sin tener en cuenta que el espacio representacional derivado de la historia y la espiritualidad, es animado por los gestos y acciones de aquéllos que lo habitan. Estos espacios representacionales pueden ser analizados desde modelos matemáticos que se combinen con otras disciplinas como la historia, sociología, antropología, entre otras.
En cierta forma, esta última consecuencia histórico-cultural nos retrotrae al cuento Kafkiano ¨En la colonia penal¨, donde el significado de la sentencia no era comprendido por el reo hasta que las palabras penetraban literalmente con agujas en su piel, y se iban aclarando en su mente. Una persona ajena al proceso, no podía leer las palabras embellecidas con manierismos varios, por ende, no era parte de su saber de la sentencia, así como nosotros no somos parte del saber de los significados internos y personales de los distintos imaginarios. Pero podemos hacer el intento de serlo.
Safe Creative #0911134873685

City Perception Through Psychogeography

Molly Dilworth, Naked City 1, Naked City 2, 2008; acrylic on paper. Dilworth transposed satellite maps of the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles with communications patterns from telecommunications networks and other invisible forces. Dilworth’s hypnotic patchworks suggest the multi-spatial and temporal geography involved in locating and describing oneself in the contemporary city—the virtual “abundance”. From Issue 58 www.artlies.org

The 19th Century English essayist and critic, Thomas de Quincey is supposed to be the first case of an obsessive vagabond who randomly walked through London. De Quincey, who was born in the city of Manchester, is well known for his autobiography “Confessions of an English Opium Eater” (London, 1821). He was an Opium addicted that influenced on writers as Poe and Baudelaire about the imagination and altered states of consciousness.

In the SXX, the Surrealists and Dadaists in the 30’s, and the Lettrists in the 50’s, transformed this necessity of walking into a systematic practice that included drug and alcohol induced wanderings through Paris. In the 60’s, the Situationists supported by the social theorist and filmmaker Guy Debord, developed the psychogeography, a science of “derive” that relates psychology with geography and Art. The Virtual Museum Canada provides this definition : “Psycho geography is defined in the first volume of Situationist International as "the study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals."
The adjective psychogeographical can be applied to the findings arrived at by this type of investigation, to their influence on human feelings, and more generally to any situation or conduct that seems to reflect the same spirit of discovery. (G. Debord. Les Leveres Nues #6, september 1955). Debord proposed to delineate some terrains of observation, together with the observation of certain processes of chance and predictability in the streets. The exploration of the built environment would not include preconceptions and would not be restricted by discussions about architectural styles or residential percentages. The discussions would be based on the theory inhabiting an urban environment in a new way. Some adopted methods were, for instance, to follow one’s nose by chasing smells or navigate through Paris utilizing a map of London.
Another important text was “Formulary for a New Urbanism”, published by the political theorist Ivan Vladimirovitch Chtcheglov under the name of Gilles Ivain in 1958. This text was the inspiration for the Lettrist International and Situational International. Lettrism was an artistic style conceived in Romania based on Surrealism and popularization of Poetry. The lettrists worked including sound as well as graphic arts involving letters.

Guy Debord, "Psychogeographic guide of Paris: edited by the Bauhaus Imaginiste Printed in Dermark by Permild & Rosengreen.The map of Paris has been cut up in different areas that are experienced by some people as distinct unities (neighbourhoods). The mentally felt distance between these areas are visualized by spreading out the pieces of the cut up map. By wandering, letting onself float or drift (dériver is the French word used) each person can discover his or her own ambient unities of a specific city. The red arrows indicate the most frequent used crossings between the islands of the urban archipel (separated by flows of motorized traffic). Excerpt and picture from http://imaginarymuseum.org/LPG/Mapsitu1.htm

In the psychological field, Psychogeography studies the behavioral impact of urban space. The representation of the analysis is firstly a creative writing, then, a walk through the city on foot and finally the preparation of a map, that more than a map is a graphic expression with symbols, pictures and drawings with interesting emerging patterns of loops, spirals. Being a filmmaker himself, Debord also collaged sound and image in disjunctive forms designed to impact the standard current effects of mass entertainment. “Though maplike, The Naked City is not a map but, rather, a diagram of psychogeographic terrain. In this revolutionary document, Debord and Jorn recorded (first on foot and then graphically) their experience of the few remaining areas of Paris that they felt had escaped destruction through modern bureaucratic development.” (Stephanie Snyder, Art Lies issue 58)

Campbell, Entangled We, 2008; graphite and colored pencil on paper. New York artist Beth Campbell explores psychogeography in terms of competing cultural forces, considering the potential of rigorous self-examination in relationship to dogma, popular culture and personal history. From Issue 58 www.artlies.org

Guide Psychogéographique de OWU, 2009, Student´s map. From http://makingmaps.net/2009/06/22/making-psychogeography-maps/

Recently the theory has been manifested in other practical ways and tangible interpretation of ideas, as the Situationists group, that brings projects to a more popular audience. The mapping is not a standard representation of a territory, but is committed to the “mental mapping” of physical civic spaces. It is a new kind of cartography, of versions of places as they exist in our minds influenced by our emotions. It rebuilds the way the urban environment is represented by the inclusion of geo- coordinates, graffitis, demolitions, mass media communications, etc.
The everyday elements that make these places what they are, and make them recognizable are not shown in an institutional map. Psychogeographists remind us that these places might be passed along, but the feeling, the emotional effects, are left out, outside in the city or inside a house or public building. The theory is complemented by the web, being it an analogy to “derive” through the city: “In 1992 the British author Sadie Plant wrote that, "to derive was to notice the way in which certain areas, streets, or buildings resonate with states of mind, inclinations, and desires, and to seek out reasons for movement other than those for which an environment was designed." (excerpt from Virtual Museum Canada).
http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Photos/html/en/sm-essay.html)
In the field of urban morphology, it would be a good idea to propose predictions and measurements of drifting patterns. The application of Psychogeography exercises does not need to be exclusively for the city. The concept could be applied to landscapes too, in different scales. In this case, the perceptions will be textures of leaves, grass, trees, maybe the location of stones, patches of different terrains, misplaced objects, any element we are able to perceive.

REFERENCES

Stephanie Snyder, Art Lies issue 58
http://www.artlies.org/article.php?id=1625&issue=58&s=1
http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Photos/html/en/sm-essay.html)
http://imaginarymuseum.org/LPG/Mapsitu1.htm
http://makingmaps.net/2009/06/22/making-psychogeography-maps/
Formulary for a new urbanism (English translation)
http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/Chtcheglov.htm

LinkWithin

Related Posts with Thumbnails